
In "Making Sense of Chaos," complexity pioneer J. Doyne Farmer revolutionizes economics with big data insights that predict market crashes and climate impacts. "The world's leading thinker on technological change," according to Max Roser, reveals how chaos theory can build a more sustainable future.
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Imagine a world where butterfly wings in Brazil truly can trigger tornados in Texas. This isn't fantasy - it's the reality of complex systems that J. Doyne Farmer has spent his life decoding. Once a physicist who built the world's first wearable computer to beat roulette in Las Vegas casinos, Farmer has pioneered a revolutionary approach to economics that views markets not as rational, predictable machines but as living ecosystems. When COVID-19 hit in 2020, traditional economic models failed spectacularly, but Farmer's team at Oxford built a simulation that predicted the UK's GDP contraction with astonishing accuracy: 21.5% versus the actual 22.1%. Why? Because they recognized what mainstream economics misses - our economy isn't a clockwork mechanism but a complex adaptive system where patterns emerge from countless interactions. The revelation came to Farmer in 1977 when he witnessed a demonstration of Edward Lorenz's mathematical model - a beautiful butterfly-like pattern that never repeated exactly despite following deterministic equations. This insight explained why predicting seemingly simple systems like roulette proved so difficult: tiny differences in initial conditions become dramatically amplified. This is chaos theory's essence: sensitive dependence on initial conditions and endogenous motion - systems that never settle into steady states despite no external forces acting upon them. Consider business cycles - those mysterious oscillations between boom and bust. What if these aren't caused by external shocks but emerge naturally from internal dynamics? Farmer demonstrated this through an elegant model where households simply copy their most successful neighbors' savings rates. At a critical threshold, the economy spontaneously begins oscillating between growth and recession while simultaneously splitting the population into distinct rich and poor groups - eerily reminiscent of real-world wealth inequality.
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