
In "Capitalism Without Capital," Haskel and Westlake reveal how intangible assets now dominate our economy. Bill Gates called it "brilliant" for explaining why software and ideas - not physical assets - drive modern wealth, challenging everything we thought about measuring economic value.
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When Microsoft reached a $500 billion valuation in 2017, its balance sheet showed just $30 billion in physical assets. What explains this enormous gap? The answer lies in Microsoft's vast portfolio of intangible assets: software code, organizational systems, brand value, and human capital that traditional accounting struggles to measure. This phenomenon isn't unique to tech giants-it represents a fundamental economic transformation happening across developed economies. From Starbucks to Toyota, companies increasingly derive their value not from things you can touch, but from ideas, processes, and knowledge. This invisible revolution is reshaping our economic landscape in ways that challenge our traditional understanding of value, investment, and growth. Think about it: when was the last time you considered the value of Apple's design philosophy or Google's algorithms? These intangible assets drive enormous value yet remain largely invisible on balance sheets. As our economy increasingly runs on ideas rather than physical stuff, understanding this shift becomes crucial for everyone from investors to policymakers. The implications touch everything from productivity measurement to competition policy to the very nature of economic inequality.
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