
In "Chaos Under Heaven," veteran journalist Josh Rogin reveals the explosive truth behind Trump and Xi's high-stakes rivalry. With unprecedented access - including Trump's own reflections - this book exposes China's hidden influence tactics that have policymakers and intelligence officials urgently taking notes.
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Winter 2016. In Jared Kushner's Manhattan office, China's top diplomat Yang Jiechi delivered what amounted to a lecture to Trump's transition team. Respect our territorial claims. Accept our vision of great power relations. The Americans responded with defiance mixed with confusion - a chaotic cocktail that would define the next four years. That meeting marked more than a diplomatic encounter; it signaled the end of decades of American assumptions about China. What followed wasn't just policy shifts or trade disputes. It was a fundamental awakening to a reality many had refused to see: China wasn't becoming more like us. We were becoming more vulnerable to them. Inside the Trump White House, three distinct tribes waged war over China policy, each convinced they alone understood the threat. The "Superhawks" - Steve Bannon and Peter Navarro - saw existential danger requiring immediate confrontation. "We're at economic war with China. It's all about jobs," Bannon declared during one heated meeting. They wanted nothing less than hastening the Communist Party's collapse through economic decoupling. The national security hardliners took a different approach. Matthew Pottinger, a former Marine who'd spent years as a Wall Street Journal reporter in China, became the intellectual architect of robust confrontation without regime change. Alongside John Bolton, Mike Pompeo, and Mike Pence, this faction focused on countering military expansion, technological theft, and influence operations. Then came the "Wall Street clique" - Steven Mnuchin, Gary Cohn, and Kushner himself - who viewed China primarily through the lens of market access and financial opportunity. They maintained cozy relationships with business titans like Blackstone's Stephen Schwarzman, who had sold nearly 10% of his company to a Chinese government firm for $3 billion. Trump oscillated wildly between these factions, sometimes embracing trade war rhetoric while simultaneously praising his "very, very good friend" Xi Jinping. One official captured the chaos perfectly: "Trump was great at flipping over the chess board, but he couldn't set the board back up again."
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